01汽保行業(yè)危廢暫存庫(kù)相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范

　　What are the relevant standards and specifications for hazardous waste temporary storage warehouses in the automotive maintenance industry

　?。?）危險(xiǎn)廢物貯存間的建設(shè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)執(zhí)行----《危險(xiǎn)廢物貯存污染控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB18597-2023）。（2）危廢收集、貯存涉及的規(guī)范----《危險(xiǎn)廢物收集貯存運(yùn)輸技術(shù)規(guī)范》（HJ2025-2012）。（3）涉及危險(xiǎn)廢物的環(huán)評(píng)內(nèi)容評(píng)價(jià)指南----《建設(shè)項(xiàng)目危險(xiǎn)廢物環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)指南》02建設(shè)要求(1)貯存庫(kù)是用于貯存一種或多種類別、形態(tài)危險(xiǎn)廢物的倉(cāng)庫(kù)式貯存設(shè)施。貯存庫(kù)污染控制要求：①貯存庫(kù)內(nèi)不同貯存分區(qū)之間應(yīng)采取隔離措施，隔離措施可根據(jù)危險(xiǎn)廢物特性采用過道、隔板或隔墻等方式；②在貯存庫(kù)內(nèi)或通過貯存分區(qū)方式貯存液態(tài)危險(xiǎn)廢物的，應(yīng)具有液體泄漏堵截設(shè)施，堵截設(shè)施最小容積不應(yīng)低于對(duì)應(yīng)貯存區(qū)域最大液態(tài)廢物容器容積或液態(tài)廢物總儲(chǔ)量1/10(二者取較大者)；用于貯存可能產(chǎn)生滲濾液的危險(xiǎn)廢物的貯存庫(kù)或貯存分區(qū)應(yīng)設(shè)計(jì)滲濾液收集設(shè)施，收集設(shè)施容積應(yīng)滿足滲濾液的收集要求；③貯存易產(chǎn)生粉塵、揮發(fā)性有機(jī)物(VOCs)、酸霧、有毒有害大氣污染物和刺激性氣味氣體的危險(xiǎn)廢物貯存庫(kù)，應(yīng)設(shè)置氣體收集裝置和氣體凈化設(shè)施，排氣筒高度應(yīng)符合《大氣污染物綜合排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(GB16297-1996)要求。(2)貯存場(chǎng)是用于貯存不易產(chǎn)生粉塵、揮發(fā)性有機(jī)物(VOCs)、酸霧、有毒有害大氣污染物和刺激性氣味氣體的大宗危險(xiǎn)廢物的，具有頂棚(蓋)的半開放式貯存設(shè)施。貯存場(chǎng)污染控制要求：①貯存場(chǎng)應(yīng)設(shè)置徑流疏導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)，保證能防止當(dāng)?shù)刂噩F(xiàn)期不小于25年的暴雨流入貯存區(qū)域，并采取措施防止雨水沖淋危險(xiǎn)廢物，避免增加滲濾液量；②貯存場(chǎng)可整體或分區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)液體導(dǎo)流和收集設(shè)施，收集設(shè)施容積應(yīng)保證在最不利條件下可以容納對(duì)應(yīng)貯存區(qū)域產(chǎn)生的滲濾液、廢水等液態(tài)物質(zhì)；③貯存場(chǎng)應(yīng)采取防止危險(xiǎn)廢物揚(yáng)散、流失的措施；④貯存的危險(xiǎn)廢物直接接觸地面的，還應(yīng)進(jìn)行基礎(chǔ)防滲，防滲層為至少1m厚黏土層(滲透系數(shù)不大于10-7cm/s)，或至少2mm厚高密度聚乙烯膜等人工防滲材料(滲透系數(shù)不大于10-10cm/s)，或其他防滲性能等效的材料。(3)貯存池是用于貯存單一類別液態(tài)或半固態(tài)危險(xiǎn)廢物的，位于室內(nèi)或具有頂棚(蓋)的池體貯存設(shè)施。貯存池污染控制要求：①貯存池防滲層應(yīng)覆蓋整個(gè)池體并對(duì)池體進(jìn)行基礎(chǔ)防滲；②貯存池應(yīng)采取措施防止雨水、地面徑流等進(jìn)入，保證能防止當(dāng)?shù)刂噩F(xiàn)期不小于25年的暴雨流入貯存池內(nèi)；③貯存池應(yīng)采取措施減少大氣污染物的無(wú)組織排放。(4)貯存罐區(qū)是用于貯存液態(tài)危險(xiǎn)廢物的，由一個(gè)或多個(gè)罐體及其相關(guān)的輔助設(shè)備和防護(hù)系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成的固定式貯存設(shè)施。貯存罐區(qū)污染控制要求：①貯存罐區(qū)罐體應(yīng)設(shè)置在圍堰內(nèi)，圍堰應(yīng)保證能滿足防滲、防腐性能要求；②貯存罐區(qū)圍堰容積應(yīng)至少滿足其內(nèi)部最大貯存罐發(fā)生意外泄漏時(shí)所需要的危險(xiǎn)廢物收集容積要求；③貯存罐區(qū)圍堰內(nèi)收集的廢液、廢水和初期雨水應(yīng)及時(shí)處理，不應(yīng)直接排放。(5)貯存點(diǎn)是《危險(xiǎn)廢物管理計(jì)劃和管理臺(tái)賬制定技術(shù)導(dǎo)則》(HJ1259-2022)規(guī)定的納入危險(xiǎn)廢物登記管理單位的，用于同一生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)場(chǎng)所專門貯存危險(xiǎn)廢物的場(chǎng)所;或產(chǎn)生危險(xiǎn)廢物的單位設(shè)置于生產(chǎn)線附近，用于暫時(shí)貯存以便于中轉(zhuǎn)其產(chǎn)生的危險(xiǎn)廢物的場(chǎng)所。貯存點(diǎn)環(huán)境管理要求：①貯存點(diǎn)應(yīng)具有固定的區(qū)域邊界，并應(yīng)采取與其他區(qū)域進(jìn)行隔離的措施；②貯存點(diǎn)應(yīng)采取防風(fēng)、防雨、防曬和防止危險(xiǎn)廢物流失、揚(yáng)散等措施；③貯存點(diǎn)貯存的危險(xiǎn)廢物應(yīng)置于容器或包裝物中，不應(yīng)直接散堆；④貯存點(diǎn)應(yīng)根據(jù)危險(xiǎn)廢物的形態(tài)、物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)、包裝形式等，采取防滲、防漏等污染防治措施或采用具有相應(yīng)功能的裝置；⑤貯存點(diǎn)應(yīng)及時(shí)清運(yùn)貯存的危險(xiǎn)廢物，實(shí)時(shí)貯存量不應(yīng)超過3噸。03貯存設(shè)施管理（1）貯存場(chǎng)所地面須硬化處理，用以存放裝載液體、半固體危險(xiǎn)廢物容器的地方，必須有耐腐蝕的硬化地面，并涂至少2mm密度高的環(huán)氧樹脂，且表面無(wú)裂隙。（2）存放固態(tài)半固態(tài)物料可設(shè)置收料托盤，用于收集泄漏物料。（3）倉(cāng)庫(kù)內(nèi)應(yīng)設(shè)置防泄漏收集導(dǎo)流溝渠，導(dǎo)流溝連接至收集池內(nèi)。（4）倉(cāng)庫(kù)內(nèi)應(yīng)設(shè)置防泄漏收集池，收集池容積不低于最大容器的最大量或儲(chǔ)量的五分之一。（5）危險(xiǎn)廢物倉(cāng)庫(kù)內(nèi)及出入口處需設(shè)置監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)。（6）危險(xiǎn)廢物倉(cāng)庫(kù)內(nèi)應(yīng)設(shè)置安全照明，燈具，線路設(shè)施，設(shè)置需滿足防爆要求。（7）按照規(guī)范要求張貼或懸掛危廢二維碼標(biāo)簽。

　　(1) The construction standards for hazardous waste storage rooms shall comply with the "Pollution Control Standards for Hazardous Waste Storage" (GB18597-2023). (2) The regulations involved in the collection, storage, and transportation of hazardous waste - Technical Specifications for the Collection, Storage, and Transportation of Hazardous Waste (HJ2025-2012). (3) Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment of Hazardous Waste Involving Hazardous Waste - "Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment of Hazardous Waste in Construction Projects" 02 Construction Requirements (1) Storage facilities are warehouse style storage facilities used to store one or more types and forms of hazardous waste. Requirements for pollution control in storage facilities: ① Isolation measures should be taken between different storage zones in the storage facility. Isolation measures can be implemented through corridors, partitions, or walls based on the characteristics of hazardous waste; ② If liquid hazardous waste is stored in a storage warehouse or through storage zoning, liquid leakage blocking facilities should be installed. The minimum volume of the blocking facilities should not be less than the maximum liquid waste container volume or 1/10 of the total liquid waste storage capacity in the corresponding storage area (whichever is larger); Storage facilities or zones for hazardous waste that may generate leachate should be designed with leachate collection facilities, and the volume of the collection facilities should meet the requirements for leachate collection; ③ Dangerous waste storage facilities that are prone to generating dust, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), acid mist, toxic and harmful air pollutants, and irritating odor gases should be equipped with gas collection devices and gas purification facilities. The height of the exhaust pipe should comply with the requirements of the Comprehensive Emission Standards for Air Pollutants (GB16297-1996). (2) Storage yard is a semi open storage facility with a roof (cover) used to store bulk hazardous waste that is not prone to generating dust, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), acid mist, toxic and harmful air pollutants, and irritating odor gases. Requirements for pollution control of the storage site: ① The storage site shall be equipped with a runoff diversion system to ensure that the local rainstorm with a return period of not less than 25 years can be prevented from flowing into the storage area, and measures shall be taken to prevent rainwater from washing hazardous waste and increasing the amount of leachate; ② The storage area can be designed with liquid diversion and collection facilities as a whole or in zones, and the volume of the collection facilities should ensure that they can accommodate liquid substances such as leachate and wastewater generated in the corresponding storage area under the most unfavorable conditions; ③ The storage site should take measures to prevent the dispersion and loss of hazardous waste; ④ For hazardous waste stored in direct contact with the ground, basic anti-seepage measures should also be taken. The anti-seepage layer should be at least 1m thick clay layer (permeability coefficient not greater than 10-7cm/s), or at least 2mm thick artificial anti-seepage materials such as high-density polyethylene film (permeability coefficient not greater than 10-10cm/s), or other materials with equivalent anti-seepage performance. (3) A storage tank is a tank storage facility located indoors or with a roof (cover) for storing a single category of liquid or semi-solid hazardous waste. Requirements for pollution control of storage tanks: ① The anti-seepage layer of the storage tank should cover the entire tank body and provide basic anti-seepage for the tank body; ② Measures shall be taken to prevent rainwater, surface runoff, etc. from entering the storage pool, so as to ensure that the local rainstorm with a return period of not less than 25 years can be prevented from flowing into the storage pool; ③ Measures should be taken to reduce unorganized emissions of atmospheric pollutants from storage tanks. (4) Storage tank area is a fixed storage facility for storing liquid hazardous waste, consisting of one or more tanks and their related auxiliary equipment and protective systems. Pollution control requirements for storage tank area: ① The tank bodies in the storage tank area should be placed inside a cofferdam, and the cofferdam should ensure that it can meet the requirements of anti-seepage and anti-corrosion performance; ② The cofferdam volume of the storage tank area should at least meet the hazardous waste collection volume requirements in case of accidental leakage of the largest storage tank inside; ③ The waste liquid, wastewater, and initial rainwater collected in the storage tank area cofferdam should be treated in a timely manner and should not be directly discharged. (5) Storage points are designated as hazardous waste registration and management units in accordance with the Technical Guidelines for the Development of Hazardous Waste Management Plans and Management Ledger (HJ1259-2022), and are used for the specialized storage of hazardous waste in the same production and operation site; Units that generate hazardous waste are located near the production line for temporary storage and transfer of the hazardous waste they produce. Requirements for environmental management of storage points: ① Storage points should have fixed area boundaries and measures should be taken to isolate them from other areas; ② Storage points should take measures to prevent wind, rain, sun, and hazardous waste from being lost or scattered; ③ Hazardous waste stored in storage points should be placed in containers or packaging materials and should not be directly scattered; ④ Storage points should adopt pollution prevention and control measures such as anti-seepage and leak prevention or use devices with corresponding functions according to the form, physical and chemical properties, packaging form, etc. of hazardous waste; ⑤ The storage point should promptly clear and transport the stored hazardous waste, and the real-time storage capacity should not exceed 3 tons. 03 Storage Facility Management (1) The ground of the storage site must be hardened. The place used to store containers of liquid and semi-solid hazardous waste must have a corrosion-resistant hardened ground and be coated with at least 2mm High density epoxy resin with no cracks on the surface. (2) Storage of solid and semi-solid materials can be equipped with a receiving tray for collecting leaked materials. (3) Anti leakage collection and diversion channels should be set up in the warehouse, and the diversion channels should be connected to the collection pool. (4) An anti leakage collection pool should be installed in the warehouse, with a capacity not less than one-fifth of the maximum capacity or storage capacity of the largest container. (5) A monitoring system should be installed inside the hazardous waste warehouse and at the entrances and exits. (6) Safety lighting, lamps, and wiring facilities should be installed in the hazardous waste warehouse to meet explosion-proof requirements. (7) Post or hang hazardous waste QR code labels in accordance with regulatory requirements.

　　（8）倉(cāng)庫(kù)內(nèi)配備與環(huán)境事故風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相對(duì)應(yīng)的應(yīng)急物資。

　　(8) The warehouse is equipped with emergency supplies that correspond to the risk of environmental accidents.

　?。?）不同規(guī)格的空包裝桶、容器放在卡板上，應(yīng)堆疊整齊，用拉伸纏繞膜圍緊實(shí)，貼上危廢二維碼標(biāo)簽。（10）建立危險(xiǎn)廢物貯存臺(tái)賬，并如實(shí)和規(guī)范記錄危險(xiǎn)廢物貯存情況。04環(huán)保檢查要點(diǎn)（1）危廢貯存庫(kù)手續(xù)

　　(9) Empty packaging drums and containers of different specifications should be stacked neatly on pallets, tightly wrapped with stretch wrap, and labeled with hazardous waste QR codes. (10) Establish a hazardous waste storage ledger and truthfully and standardly record the storage of hazardous waste. 04 Environmental Inspection Points (1) Hazardous Waste Storage Warehouse Procedures

　　根據(jù)生態(tài)環(huán)境部發(fā)布的《“十四五”全國(guó)危險(xiǎn)廢物規(guī)范化環(huán)境管理評(píng)估工作方案》，要求貯存設(shè)施依法進(jìn)行環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)，完成“三同時(shí)”驗(yàn)收。

　　According to the "14th Five Year Plan for National Standardized Environmental Management Assessment of Hazardous Waste" issued by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, storage facilities are required to conduct environmental impact assessments in accordance with the law and complete the "three simultaneous" acceptance.

　　因此，手續(xù)方面檢查主要為環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)文件對(duì)全部危險(xiǎn)廢物貯存設(shè)施進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)，且完成了“三同時(shí)”驗(yàn)收或在驗(yàn)收期限內(nèi)。

　　Therefore, the inspection in terms of procedures mainly involves evaluating all hazardous waste storage facilities in the environmental impact assessment documents, and completing the "three simultaneous" acceptance or within the acceptance period.

　　這里說的環(huán)評(píng)手續(xù)指的是企業(yè)的環(huán)評(píng)文件對(duì)貯存設(shè)置進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)，并非一定要單獨(dú)開展環(huán)評(píng)工作。

　　The environmental impact assessment procedures referred to here refer to the evaluation of storage settings in the enterprise's environmental impact assessment documents, and do not necessarily require separate environmental impact assessment work.

　　（2）危廢庫(kù)建設(shè)情況

　　(2) Construction status of hazardous waste storage facility

　?、偈欠癫扇》里L(fēng)、防曬、防雨、防漏、防滲、防腐等措施

　?、?Have measures been taken to prevent wind, sun, rain, leakage, seepage, and corrosion

　　②危廢庫(kù)大小是否滿足貯存需求

　?、?Does the size of the hazardous waste warehouse meet the storage requirements

　　③是否建設(shè)貯存分區(qū)（只貯存一種危險(xiǎn)廢物的除外）

　?、?Whether to establish storage zones (excluding those that only store one type of hazardous waste)

　　④貯存庫(kù)內(nèi)地面、墻面裙腳、堵截泄漏的圍堰、接觸危險(xiǎn)廢物的隔板和墻體表面是否有裂縫

　?、?Whether there are cracks on the ground, wall skirts, cofferdams that block leaks, partitions that come into contact with hazardous waste, and wall surfaces inside the storage facility

　?、葙A存設(shè)施地面與裙腳應(yīng)采取表面防滲措施

　?、?Surface anti-seepage measures should be taken for the ground and skirt feet of storage facilities

　?、薹罎B、防腐材料是否覆蓋所有可能與廢物及其滲濾液、滲漏液等接觸的構(gòu)筑物表面⑦是否采取技術(shù)措施防止無(wú)關(guān)人員進(jìn)入（比如門是否上鎖）

　?、?Whether anti-seepage and anti-corrosion materials cover all surfaces of structures that may come into contact with waste, leachate, and other liquids. ⑦ Whether technical measures have been taken to prevent unrelated personnel from entering (such as whether doors are locked)

　?、噘A存庫(kù)不同分區(qū)是否采取隔離措施，如隔板、隔墻、過道等

　?、?Are isolation measures taken for different zones of the storage warehouse, such as partitions, walls, corridors, etc

　?、豳A存業(yè)態(tài)廢物的，是否設(shè)置液體泄漏液堵截設(shè)施（如圍堰、防漏托盤等）

　?、?Is there a liquid leakage interception facility (such as cofferdams, leak proof trays, etc.) installed for storing waste in the industry

　?、赓A存可能產(chǎn)生滲濾液的，是否設(shè)施滲濾液收集設(shè)施

　?、?Is there a facility for collecting leachate that may be generated during storage

　　貯存易產(chǎn)生粉塵、VOCs、酸霧、有毒有害大氣污染物和刺激性氣味氣體的危險(xiǎn)廢物貯存庫(kù)，是否設(shè)置氣體收集裝置和氣體凈化設(shè)施

　　Storage can easily generate dust VOCs、 Is the hazardous waste storage facility for acid mist, toxic and harmful air pollutants, and irritating odor gases equipped with gas collection devices and gas purification facilities

　　是否設(shè)置應(yīng)急裝備、物資和應(yīng)急照明系統(tǒng)。

　　Have emergency equipment, supplies, and emergency lighting systems been installed.

　?。?）危廢庫(kù)管理

　　(3) Hazardous waste warehouse management

　?、俨煌N類危險(xiǎn)廢物是否進(jìn)行分類貯存

　?、?Are different types of hazardous waste classified and stored

　?、谖ｋU(xiǎn)廢物是否存在與不相容的物質(zhì)或材料接觸的情形

　　② Is there any situation where hazardous waste comes into contact with incompatible substances or materials

　?、圪A存庫(kù)門口是否設(shè)置貯存標(biāo)簽；貯存分區(qū)是否分別設(shè)置分區(qū)標(biāo)簽；危廢包裝物是否設(shè)置標(biāo)簽

　?、?Is there a storage label installed at the entrance of the storage warehouse; Is the storage partition labeled separately; Are hazardous waste packaging materials labeled

　?、苜A存常溫常壓下易爆、易燃及排出有毒氣體的危險(xiǎn)廢物是否進(jìn)行了預(yù)處理

　　④ Has pre-treatment been carried out for storing hazardous waste that is explosive, flammable, and emits toxic gases at room temperature and pressure

　?、葙A存廢棄危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品的，是否滿足危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品貯存有關(guān)要求

　?、?Does the storage of waste hazardous chemicals meet the relevant requirements for hazardous chemical storage

　?、拶A存危險(xiǎn)廢物是否按規(guī)定設(shè)置容器或包裝物（常溫常壓下不易水解、不易揮發(fā)的固態(tài)危險(xiǎn)廢物除外）

　?、?Is the storage of hazardous waste in containers or packaging materials in accordance with regulations (excluding solid hazardous waste that is not easily hydrolyzed or volatile at room temperature and pressure)

　?、哔A存液態(tài)、半固態(tài)危廢的容器，容器內(nèi)部是否留有空間

　?、?Is there space inside the container for storing liquid and semi-solid hazardous waste

　?、嗳萜骱桶b物外表是否清潔

　?、?Is the exterior of the container and packaging clean

　?、豳A存易產(chǎn)生粉塵、VOCs、酸霧、有毒有害大氣污染物和刺激性氣味氣體的危險(xiǎn)廢物是否裝入閉口容器或包裝物內(nèi)。

　　⑨ Storage can easily generate dust VOCs、 Is the hazardous waste of acid mist, toxic and harmful air pollutants, and irritating odor gases contained in closed containers or packaging materials.

　　⑩危險(xiǎn)廢物貯存容器或包裝物是否有破損

　?、?Is there any damage to the hazardous waste storage container or packaging

　　是否建立貯存設(shè)施環(huán)境管理制度、管理人員崗位職責(zé)制度、設(shè)施運(yùn)行操作制度、人員崗位培訓(xùn)制度

　　Has a storage facility environmental management system, management personnel job responsibility system, facility operation system, and personnel job training system been established

　　是否建立危廢臺(tái)賬

　　Has a hazardous waste ledger been established

　　納入土壤和地下水重點(diǎn)管理單位的企業(yè)，是否針對(duì)貯存庫(kù)建立土壤和地下水污染隱患排査制度

　　Has the enterprise included in the key management units for soil and groundwater established a soil and groundwater pollution hazard investigation system for storage facilities

　　貯存設(shè)施建設(shè)有關(guān)檔案是否完整

　　Are the archives related to the construction of storage facilities complete

　　貯存設(shè)施污染排放是否滿足相關(guān)排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

　　Does the pollution emission from storage facilities meet the relevant emission standards

　　貯存設(shè)施是否按照規(guī)定開展自行監(jiān)測(cè)

　　Has the storage facility conducted self-monitoring in accordance with regulations

　?。?）危廢重點(diǎn)監(jiān)管單位的特別事項(xiàng)

　　(4) Special Matters for Key Hazardous Waste Supervision Units

　?、偈欠癫捎貌捎秒娮拥匕?、電子標(biāo)簽、電子管理臺(tái)賬信息化管理技術(shù)

　?、?Whether to adopt electronic weighing scales, electronic tags, and electronic management ledger information management technology

　　②采用視頻監(jiān)控的，監(jiān)控畫面是否清晰，視頻記錄保存時(shí)間是否已滿足3個(gè)月以上要求。

　　② For those using video surveillance, whether the monitoring image is clear and whether the video recording has been saved for more than 3 months.