“ ?；穾煜嚓P(guān)標準規(guī)范 ”

　　Standard specifications for hazardous chemical warehouses

　　標準：危險廢物貯存間的建設標準執(zhí)行----《危險廢物貯存污染控制標準》（GB18597-2023）。規(guī)范：危廢收集、貯存涉及的規(guī)范----《危險廢物收集貯存運輸技術(shù)規(guī)范》（HJ2025-2012）。指南：涉及危險廢物的環(huán)評內(nèi)容評價指南----《建設項目危險廢物環(huán)境影響評價指南》

　　Standard: The construction standards for hazardous waste storage rooms shall comply with the "Pollution Control Standards for Hazardous Waste Storage" (GB18597-2023). Specification: The technical specifications for the collection, storage, and transportation of hazardous waste (HJ2025-2012). Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment of Hazardous Waste in Construction Projects - Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment of Hazardous Waste in Construction Projects

　　危廢貯存有哪些常見問題？注意這些建設要求！

　　What are the common problems with hazardous waste storage? Pay attention to these construction requirements!

　　貯存危險廢物應符合《危險廢物貯存污染控制標準》( GB 18597-2023 ) 各項要求。標準已于2023年7月1日起實施。NO.1建設要求(1)貯存庫是用于貯存一種或多種類別、形態(tài)危險廢物的倉庫式貯存設施。

　　The storage of hazardous waste shall comply with the requirements of the "Pollution Control Standards for Hazardous Waste Storage" (GB 18597-2023). The standard has been implemented since July 1, 2023. NO.1 Construction Requirements: (1) A storage facility is a warehouse style storage facility used to store one or more types and forms of hazardous waste.

　　貯存庫污染控制要求：

　　Requirements for pollution control in storage facilities:

　?、儋A存庫內(nèi)不同貯存分區(qū)之間應采取隔離措施，隔離措施可根據(jù)危險廢物特性采用過道、隔板或隔墻等方式；

　?、?Isolation measures should be taken between different storage zones in the storage warehouse, which can be implemented through corridors, partitions, or walls according to the characteristics of hazardous waste;

　　②在貯存庫內(nèi)或通過貯存分區(qū)方式貯存液態(tài)危險廢物的，應具有液體泄漏堵截設施，堵截設施最小容積不應低于對應貯存區(qū)域最大液態(tài)廢物容器容積或液態(tài)廢物總儲量1/10(二者取較大者)；用于貯存可能產(chǎn)生滲濾液的危險廢物的貯存庫或貯存分區(qū)應設計滲濾液收集設施，收集設施容積應滿足滲濾液的收集要求；

　?、?If liquid hazardous waste is stored in a storage warehouse or through storage zoning, liquid leakage blocking facilities should be installed. The minimum volume of the blocking facilities should not be less than the maximum liquid waste container volume or 1/10 of the total liquid waste storage capacity in the corresponding storage area (whichever is larger); Storage facilities or zones for hazardous waste that may generate leachate should be designed with leachate collection facilities, and the volume of the collection facilities should meet the requirements for leachate collection;

　?、圪A存易產(chǎn)生粉塵、揮發(fā)性有機物(VOCs)、酸霧、有毒有害大氣污染物和刺激性氣味氣體的危險廢物貯存庫，應設置氣體收集裝置和氣體凈化設施，排氣筒高度應符合《大氣污染物綜合排放標準》(GB16297-1996)要求。

　?、?Dangerous waste storage facilities that are prone to generating dust, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), acid mist, toxic and harmful air pollutants, and irritating odor gases should be equipped with gas collection devices and gas purification facilities. The height of the exhaust pipe should comply with the requirements of the Comprehensive Emission Standards for Air Pollutants (GB16297-1996).

　　(2)貯存場是用于貯存不易產(chǎn)生粉塵、揮發(fā)性有機物(VOCs)、酸霧、有毒有害大氣污染物和刺激性氣味氣體的大宗危險廢物的，具有頂棚(蓋)的半開放式貯存設施。

　　(2) Storage yard is a semi open storage facility with a roof (cover) used to store bulk hazardous waste that is not prone to generating dust, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), acid mist, toxic and harmful air pollutants, and irritating odor gases.

　　貯存場污染控制要求：①貯存場應設置徑流疏導系統(tǒng)，保證能防止當?shù)刂噩F(xiàn)期不小于25年的暴雨流入貯存區(qū)域，并采取措施防止雨水沖淋危險廢物，避免增加滲濾液量；②貯存場可整體或分區(qū)設計液體導流和收集設施，收集設施容積應保證在最不利條件下可以容納對應貯存區(qū)域產(chǎn)生的滲濾液、廢水等液態(tài)物質(zhì)；③貯存場應采取防止危險廢物揚散、流失的措施；④貯存的危險廢物直接接觸地面的，還應進行基礎防滲，防滲層為至少1m厚黏土層(滲透系數(shù)不大于10-7cm/s)，或至少2mm厚高密度聚乙烯膜等人工防滲材料(滲透系數(shù)不大于10-10cm/s)，或其他防滲性能等效的材料。

　　Requirements for pollution control of the storage site: ① The storage site shall be equipped with a runoff diversion system to ensure that the local rainstorm with a return period of not less than 25 years can be prevented from flowing into the storage area, and measures shall be taken to prevent rainwater from washing hazardous waste and increasing the amount of leachate; ② The storage area can be designed with liquid diversion and collection facilities as a whole or in zones, and the volume of the collection facilities should ensure that they can accommodate liquid substances such as leachate and wastewater generated in the corresponding storage area under the most unfavorable conditions; ③ The storage site should take measures to prevent the dispersion and loss of hazardous waste; ④ For hazardous waste stored in direct contact with the ground, basic anti-seepage measures should also be taken. The anti-seepage layer should be at least 1m thick clay layer (permeability coefficient not greater than 10-7cm/s), or at least 2mm thick artificial anti-seepage materials such as high-density polyethylene film (permeability coefficient not greater than 10-10cm/s), or other materials with equivalent anti-seepage performance.

　　(3)貯存池是用于貯存單一類別液態(tài)或半固態(tài)危險廢物的，位于室內(nèi)或具有頂棚(蓋)的池體貯存設施。

　　(3) A storage tank is a tank storage facility located indoors or with a roof (cover) for storing a single category of liquid or semi-solid hazardous waste.

　　貯存池污染控制要求：

　　Requirements for pollution control of storage tanks:

　　①貯存池防滲層應覆蓋整個池體并對池體進行基礎防滲；

　?、?The anti-seepage layer of the storage tank should cover the entire tank body and provide basic anti-seepage for the tank body;

　?、谫A存池應采取措施防止雨水、地面徑流等進入，保證能防止當?shù)刂噩F(xiàn)期不小于25年的暴雨流入貯存池內(nèi)；

　　② Measures shall be taken to prevent rainwater, surface runoff, etc. from entering the storage pool, so as to ensure that the local rainstorm with a return period of not less than 25 years can be prevented from flowing into the storage pool;

　?、圪A存池應采取措施減少大氣污染物的無組織排放。

　?、?Measures should be taken to reduce unorganized emissions of atmospheric pollutants from storage tanks.

　　(4)貯存罐區(qū)是用于貯存液態(tài)危險廢物的，由一個或多個罐體及其相關(guān)的輔助設備和防護系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成的固定式貯存設施。貯存罐區(qū)污染控制要求：

　　(4) Storage tank area is a fixed storage facility for storing liquid hazardous waste, consisting of one or more tanks and their related auxiliary equipment and protective systems. Pollution control requirements for storage tank area:

　　①貯存罐區(qū)罐體應設置在圍堰內(nèi)，圍堰應保證能滿足防滲、防腐性能要求；

　?、?The tanks in the storage tank area should be placed inside a cofferdam, which should ensure that the cofferdam can meet the requirements of anti-seepage and anti-corrosion performance;

　?、谫A存罐區(qū)圍堰容積應至少滿足其內(nèi)部最大貯存罐發(fā)生意外泄漏時所需要的危險廢物收集容積要求；

　?、?The cofferdam volume of the storage tank area should at least meet the hazardous waste collection volume requirements in case of accidental leakage of the largest storage tank inside;

　　③貯存罐區(qū)圍堰內(nèi)收集的廢液、廢水和初期雨水應及時處理，不應直接排放。

　?、?The waste liquid, wastewater, and initial rainwater collected in the storage tank area cofferdam should be treated in a timely manner and should not be directly discharged.

　　(5)貯存點是《危險廢物管理計劃和管理臺賬制定技術(shù)導則》(HJ1259-2022)規(guī)定的納入危險廢物登記管理單位的，用于同一生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營場所專門貯存危險廢物的場所；或產(chǎn)生危險廢物的單位設置于生產(chǎn)線附近，用于暫時貯存以便于中轉(zhuǎn)其產(chǎn)生的危險廢物的場所。貯存點環(huán)境管理要求：①貯存點應具有固定的區(qū)域邊界，并應采取與其他區(qū)域進行隔離的措施；

　　(5) Storage points are designated as hazardous waste registration and management units in accordance with the Technical Guidelines for the Development of Hazardous Waste Management Plans and Management Ledger (HJ1259-2022), and are used for the specialized storage of hazardous waste in the same production and operation site; Units that generate hazardous waste are located near the production line for temporary storage and transfer of the hazardous waste they produce. Requirements for environmental management of storage points: ① Storage points should have fixed area boundaries and measures should be taken to isolate them from other areas;

　?、谫A存點應采取防風、防雨、防曬和防止危險廢物流失、揚散等措施；

　?、?Storage points should take measures to prevent wind, rain, sun, and hazardous waste from being lost or scattered;

　　③貯存點貯存的危險廢物應置于容器或包裝物中，不應直接散堆；

　?、?Hazardous waste stored in storage points should be placed in containers or packaging materials and should not be directly scattered;

　　④貯存 點應根據(jù)危險廢物的形態(tài)、物理化學性質(zhì)、包裝形式等，采取防滲、防漏等污染防治措施或采用具有相應功能的裝置；

　　④ Storage points should adopt pollution prevention and control measures such as anti-seepage and leak prevention or use devices with corresponding functions according to the form, physical and chemical properties, packaging form, etc. of hazardous waste;

　?、葙A存點應及時清運貯存的危險廢物，實時貯存量不應超過 3 噸。

　?、?The storage point should promptly clear and transport the stored hazardous waste, and the real-time storage capacity should not exceed 3 tons.

　　NO.2常見問題（1）未按照危害特性分類貯存危險廢物或分區(qū)不合理

　　NO.2 Common problems (1) Failure to classify hazardous waste according to hazard characteristics or unreasonable zoning

　　（2）混合貯存性質(zhì)不相容且未經(jīng)安全性處置的危險廢物。

　　(2) Mixed storage of hazardous waste that is incompatible in nature and has not been safely disposed of.

　　（3）收集、貯存場所地面有裂隙，不具備防滲漏功能且未采取相應措施。

　　(3) There are cracks on the ground of the collection and storage site, which do not have anti leakage function and have not taken corresponding measures.

　?。?）盛裝危險廢物的容器有破損，導致泄漏。

　　(4) The container containing hazardous waste is damaged, resulting in leakage.

　?。?）盛裝危險廢物的容器未密閉。

　　(5) The container containing hazardous waste is not sealed.

　?。?）貯存液體危險廢物，未設置泄漏液體收集裝置或泄漏液體收集池容積不滿足相關(guān)要求。

　　(6) Storage of liquid hazardous waste without a leakage liquid collection device or leakage liquid collection pool capacity not meeting relevant requirements.

　?。?）貯存易揮發(fā)危險廢物，貯存庫未密閉、未安裝廢氣收集治理設施、已安裝廢氣收集治理設施未正常運行。

　　(7) Storage of volatile hazardous waste, storage warehouse not sealed, no exhaust gas collection and treatment facilities installed, and installed exhaust gas collection and treatment facilities not functioning properly.

　?。?）未按照《危險廢物貯存污染控制標準》(GB18597-2023)監(jiān)測有關(guān)要求，開展自行監(jiān)測。

　　(8) Failure to conduct self-monitoring in accordance with the relevant requirements of the "Pollution Control Standards for Hazardous Waste Storage" (GB18597-2023).

　?。?）危險廢物貯存過程產(chǎn)生的污染物不滿足國家污染物排放(控制)標準等要求。

　　(9) The pollutants generated during the storage of hazardous waste do not meet the requirements of national pollutant emission (control) standards.

　　（10）危險廢物露天存放。

　　(10) Hazardous waste is stored outdoors.

　　（11）危廢貯存設施導流槽溢流、泄露液收集池有廢液未及時收集。

　　(11) The overflow and leakage of the diversion channel of the hazardous waste storage facility have resulted in the collection of waste liquid in the collection pool, which has not been collected in a timely manner.

　?。?2）盛裝液態(tài)、半固態(tài)危險廢物的容器內(nèi)部未留足夠空間。

　　(12) Insufficient space is left inside the container containing liquid and semi-solid hazardous waste.

　?。?3）盛裝液態(tài)、半固態(tài)危險廢物的包裝桶表面有危險廢物遺留未及時清理。

　　(13) The surface of the packaging drums containing liquid and semi-solid hazardous waste has hazardous waste residues that have not been cleaned up in a timely manner.

　?。?4）危險廢物識別標志注明危險廢物種類與實際貯存危險廢物種類不一致。（15）危險廢物收集、貯存設施不符合“六防”要求(防風、防曬、防雨、防漏、防滲、防腐等)。

　　(14) The identification mark for hazardous waste indicates that the type of hazardous waste is inconsistent with the actual type of hazardous waste stored. (15) The hazardous waste collection and storage facilities do not meet the "six prevention" requirements (windproof, sun proof, rain proof, leak proof, anti-seepage, anti-corrosion, etc.).

　?。?6）危險廢物實際貯存與危險廢物識別標志注明重量、臺賬記錄、省固體廢物動態(tài)信息平臺貯存數(shù)據(jù)不一致。

　　(16) The actual storage of hazardous waste is inconsistent with the weight indicated on the hazardous waste identification label, ledger records, and storage data on the provincial solid waste dynamic information platform.

　　（17）危險廢物包裝容器上設置標簽信息(重量、時間等)與臺賬記錄、實際貯存不一致。

　　(17) The label information (weight, time, etc.) on the hazardous waste packaging container is inconsistent with the ledger records and actual storage.

　?。?8）硬質(zhì)容器和包裝物及其支護結(jié)構(gòu)堆疊碼放時有明顯變形。NO.3示例危險廢物貯存NO.4法律依據(jù)《固廢法》第十七條：建設產(chǎn)生、貯存、利用、處置固體廢物的項目，應當依法進行環(huán)境影響評價，并遵守國家有關(guān)建設項目環(huán)境保護管理的規(guī)定。

　　(18) There is significant deformation when stacking and stacking hard containers, packaging materials, and their supporting structures. NO.3 Example Hazardous Waste Storage NO.4 Legal Basis: Article 17 of the Solid Waste Law: Projects that generate, store, utilize, and dispose of solid waste shall conduct environmental impact assessments in accordance with the law and comply with relevant national regulations on environmental protection management for construction projects.

　　《固廢法》第十八條：建設項目的環(huán)境影響評價文件確定需要配套建設的固體廢物污染環(huán)境防治設施，應當與主體工程同時設計、同時施工、同時投入使用。建設項目的初步設計，應當按照環(huán)境保護設計規(guī)范的要求，將固體廢物污染環(huán)境防治內(nèi)容納入環(huán)境影響評價文件，落實防治固體廢物污染環(huán)境和破壞生態(tài)的措施以及固體廢物污染環(huán)境防治設施投資概算。建設單位應當依照有關(guān)法律法規(guī)的規(guī)定，對配套建設的固體廢物污染環(huán)境防治設施進行驗收，編制驗收報告，并向社會公開。

　　Article 18 of the Solid Waste Law: The environmental impact assessment document of a construction project shall determine that the solid waste pollution prevention and control facilities that need to be constructed as supporting facilities shall be designed, constructed, and put into use simultaneously with the main project. The preliminary design of construction projects should include the prevention and control of solid waste pollution in the environmental impact assessment documents in accordance with the requirements of environmental protection design specifications, implement measures to prevent and control solid waste pollution and ecological damage, and estimate the investment in solid waste pollution prevention and control facilities. The construction unit shall, in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, conduct acceptance inspection of the solid waste pollution prevention and control facilities for supporting construction, prepare acceptance reports, and make them public to the society.

　　《固廢法》第七十九條：產(chǎn)生危險廢物的單位，應當按照國家有關(guān)規(guī)定和環(huán)境保護標準要求貯存、利用、處置危險廢物，不得擅自傾倒、堆放。《固廢條例》第五十二條：產(chǎn)生危險廢物的單位，應當按照國家有關(guān)規(guī)定和環(huán)境保護標準要求貯存、利用、處置危險廢物。對在常溫常壓下易爆、易燃及排出有毒氣體的危險廢物進行預處理，使之穩(wěn)定后貯存；無法穩(wěn)定貯存的，按照易爆、易燃危險品貯存。

　　Article 79 of the Solid Waste Law: Units that generate hazardous waste shall store, utilize, and dispose of hazardous waste in accordance with relevant national regulations and environmental protection standards, and shall not dump or pile up hazardous waste without authorization. Article 52 of the Solid Waste Regulations: Units that generate hazardous waste shall store, utilize, and dispose of hazardous waste in accordance with relevant national regulations and environmental protection standards. Pre treat hazardous waste that is explosive, flammable, and emits toxic gases at room temperature and pressure, and store it after stabilizing it; If it cannot be stored stably, it shall be stored as explosive or flammable dangerous goods.

　　《固廢法》第一百一十二條：擅自傾倒、堆放危險廢物的，由生態(tài)環(huán)境主管部門責令改正，處所需處置費用三倍以上五倍以下的罰款，所需處置費用不足二十萬元的，按二十萬元計算，沒收違法所得；情節(jié)嚴重的，報經(jīng)有批準權(quán)的人民政府批準，可以責令停業(yè)或者關(guān)閉。未按照國家環(huán)境保護標準貯存、利用、處置危險廢物或者將危險廢物混入非危險廢物中貯存的，由生態(tài)環(huán)境主管部門責令改正，處十萬元以上一百萬元以下的罰款，沒收違法所得；情節(jié)嚴重的，報經(jīng)有批準權(quán)的人民政府批準，可以責令停業(yè)或者關(guān)閉。

　　Article 112 of the Solid Waste Law: Those who dump or pile up hazardous waste without authorization shall be ordered to rectify by the competent ecological and environmental department, and shall be fined three to five times the required disposal costs. If the required disposal costs are less than 200000 yuan, the illegal gains shall be confiscated based on 200000 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, with the approval of the people's government with approval authority, it may be ordered to suspend business or close down. Those who fail to store, utilize, or dispose of hazardous waste in accordance with national environmental protection standards, or mix hazardous waste with non hazardous waste for storage, shall be ordered to make corrections by the competent department of ecological environment, fined not less than 100000 yuan but not more than 1 million yuan, and have their illegal gains confiscated; If the circumstances are serious, with the approval of the people's government with approval authority, it may be ordered to suspend business or close down.

　　《建設項目環(huán)境保護管理條例》(2017年修訂版)第二十三條：違反本條例規(guī)定，需要配套建設的環(huán)境保護設施未建成、未經(jīng)驗收或者驗收不合格，建設項目即投入生產(chǎn)或者使用，或者在環(huán)境保護設施驗收中弄虛作假的，由縣級以上環(huán)境保護行政主管部門責令限期改正，處20萬元以上100萬元以下的罰款；逾期不改正的，處100萬元以上200萬元以下的罰款；對直接負責的主管人員和其他責任人員，處5萬元以上20萬元以下的罰款；造成重大環(huán)境污染或者生態(tài)破壞的，責令停止生產(chǎn)或者使用，或者報經(jīng)有批準權(quán)的人民政府批準，責令關(guān)閉。

　　Article 23 of the Regulations on the Management of Environmental Protection for Construction Projects (Revised in 2017): In violation of the provisions of this Regulation, if the environmental protection facilities that need to be built as supporting facilities are not completed, have not been inspected, or have been inspected and found to be unqualified, and the construction project is put into production or use, or if there is fraud during the inspection of environmental protection facilities, the environmental protection administrative department at or above the county level shall order rectification within a specified time limit and impose a fine of not less than 200000 yuan but not more than 1 million yuan; Those who fail to make corrections within the prescribed time limit shall be fined not less than 1 million yuan but not more than 2 million yuan; Impose a fine of no less than 50000 yuan and no more than 200000 yuan on the directly responsible supervisors and other responsible personnel; Those who cause significant environmental pollution or ecological damage shall be ordered to stop production or use, or shall be ordered to close down with the approval of the competent people's government.

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